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Nhanganyaya

Midziyo yakagadziriswa yekubviswa kwemazino akaomeswa anoshandiswa mune orthodontics kune ese ari kuyaruka nevakuru. Kunyangwe nanhasi, kuoma kwehutsanana hwemuromo uye iyo inosanganisirwa yakawedzera kuunganidzwa kweplate uye zvekudya zvisaririra panguva yekurapwa ne multibracket midziyo (MBA) inomiririra imwe yekuwedzera caries njodzi1. Iko kuvandudzwa kwe demineralization, ichikonzera chena, opaque shanduko muiyo enamel inozivikanwa sechena gwapa maronda (WSL), panguva yekurapwa neMBA inowanzoitika uye isingadiwe mhedzisiro mhedzisiro uye inogona kuitika mushure memasvondo mana chete.

Mumakore achangopfuura, kuwedzerwa kutarisisa kwakabhadharwa pakuiswa chisimbiso kwenzvimbo dzebuccal uye kushandiswa kwezvakakosha zvisimbiso uye fluoride varnishes. Izvi zvigadzirwa zvinotarisirwa kupa kwenguva refu caries kudzivirira uye nekuwedzera dziviriro kubva kunze kwekushushikana. Vagadziri vakasiyana vanovimbisa kuchengetedza pakati pemwedzi mitanhatu nemwedzi gumi nemaviri mushure mekushandisa kamwe chete. Mune izvozvi zvinyorwa zvakasiyana mhedzisiro uye kurudziro zvinogona kuwanikwa zvine chekuita nekudzivirira mhedzisiro uye kubatsirwa kwekushandisa kwezvinhu zvakadaro. Uye zvakare, pane zvirevo zvakasiyana siyana maererano nekuramba kwavo kusagadzikana. Zvigadzirwa zvishanu zvinowanzoshandiswa zvakaverengerwa: iyo yakasanganiswa yakavakirwa sealants Pro Seal, Chiedza Bond (zvese Reliance Orthodontic Zvigadzirwa, Itasca, Illinois, USA) uye Clinpro XT Varnish (3 M Espe AG Dental Products, Seefeld, Germany). Zvakaferefetwa aive maviri fluoride varnishes Fluor Protector (Ivoclar Vivadent GmbH, Ellwangen, Germany) uye Protecto CaF2 Nano Imwe-Nhanho-Seal (BonaDent GmbH, Frankfurt / Main, Germany). Inoyerera, inorapa-kupenya, radiopaque nanohybrid composite yakashandiswa seboka rakanaka rekutonga (Tetric EvoFlow, Ivoclar Vivadent, Ellwangen, Germany).

Aya mashanu anoshandiswa anoshandiswa masalant akaongororwa in vitro kune kwavo kuramba mushure mekusangana nemagetsi, mutoro wekupisa uye kusvibiswa kwemakemikari zvichikonzera demineralization uye zvichidaro WSL.

Dzinotevera fungidziro dzichaedzwa:

1.

2.Alternative hypothesis: Mechanical, thermal uye chemakemikari kushungurudzika kunokanganisa zvisimbiso zvakaongororwa.

Zvinyorwa uye nzira

192 mazino epamberi emombe akashandiswa mune ino in vitro kudzidza. Mazino emombe akatorwa kubva kumhuka dzekuuraya (kuuraya, Alzey, Germany). Maitiro ekusarudzwa emazino emombe aive akaomarara- uye asina hurema, enamel yezvipfeko isina kupenya kweziso rezino uye saizi yakaringana yekorona yezino.4. Kuchengetedza kwaive mune 0,5% chloramine B mhinduro5, 6. Pamberi uye mushure mekushandisa mabhureki, nzvimbo dzakapfavirira dzemazino ese emombe dzakacheneswazve nemafuta- uye fluoride isina makorari (Zircate Prophy Paste, Dentsply DeTrey GmbH, Konstanz, Germany), yakashambidzwa nemvura uye yakaomeswa nemhepo.5. Masimbi mabhureki akagadzirwa nesimbi isina isina nickel akashandiswa pakudzidza (Mini-Sprint Brackets, Forestadent, Pforzheim, Germany). Mabhureki ese akashandisa UnitekEtching Gel, Transbond XT Mwenje Cure Adhesive Primer uye Transbond XT Chiedza Cure Orthodontic Adhesive (ese 3 M Unitek GmbH, Seefeld, Germany). Mushure mekushandisa kwebracket, iyo vestibular inotsvedzerera nzvimbo yakacheneswa zvakare neZircate Prophy Paka kubvisa chero zvinonamira zvasara.5. Kuenzanisa mamiriro akakodzera emakiriniki panguva yekuchenesa kweanogadzira, 2 cm yakareba archwire chidimbu (Forestalloy bhuruu, Forestadent, Pforzheim, Germany) yakaiswa kubracket ine preformed waya ligature (0.25 mm, Forestadent, Pforzheim, Germany).

Hwerengedzo yezvisimbiso zvishanu zvakaferefetwa muchidzidzo chino. Mukusarudza izvo zvekushandisa, mareferenzi akaitwa kuongororo yazvino. MuGerman, vanachiremba vemazino 985 vakabvunzwa nezve zvisimbiso zvinoshandiswa mumabasa avo orthodontic. Zvinyorwa zvishanu zvinonyanya kutaurwa pazvinhu gumi nerimwe zvakasarudzwa. Zvese zvishandiso zvakashandiswa zvakanyanya maererano nemirairo yemugadziri. Tetric EvoFlow yakashanda seboka rakanaka rekutonga.

Zvichienderana neyekuzvigadzira-nguva yenguva module yekufananidza avhareji mekutakura mutoro, ese masiteteni akaiswa pasi pechimakanika mutoro uye akazoedzwa. Bhurosi remazino emagetsi, Oral-B Professional Kuchengeta 1000 (Procter & Gamble GmbH, Schwalbach am Taunus, Germany), rakashandiswa muchidzidzo ichi kutevedzera mutoro wemagetsi. Yekutarisa yekumanikidza cheki inovhenekera kana iyo yepanyama yekubata kumanikidza (2 N) yapfuura. Oral-B Precision Yakachena EB 20 (Procter & Gamble GmbH, Schwalbach am Taunus, Germany) yakashandiswa semisoro yemazino. Musoro webrashi wakagadziriswa weboka rega rega rekuyedza (kureva6 nguva). Munguva yekudzidza, iwo mushonga wemazino wakafanana (Elmex, GABA GmbH, Lörrach, Germany) yaigara ichishandiswa kuitira kudzikisira simba rayo pamhedzisiro.7. Mukuyedza kwekutanga, avhareji peya-saizi huwandu hwemushonga wemazino wakayerwa uye ukaverengerwa uchishandisa microbalance (Pioneer analytical balance, OHAUS, Nänikon, Switzerland) (385 mg). Musoro webrashi wakanyoroveswa nemvura yakasviba, yakanyoroveswa ne385 mg avhareji mushonga wemazino uye wakasarudzika wakamira pane vestibular zino pamusoro. Iyo yemuchina mutoro yaiiswa nekuramba uchimanikidza uye kudzokerera kumberi uye kumashure kufamba kwemusoro webrashi. Nguva yekuburitswa yakatariswa kune yechipiri. Irubhi remagetsi emagetsi raigara richitungamirirwa nemuongorori mumwechete mune ese bvunzo dzakateedzana. Iwo ekuona kumanikidza kudzora kwakashandiswa kuve nechokwadi chekuti hutano hwepanyama (2 N) hauna kupfuura. Mushure memaminetsi makumi matatu ekushandisa, bhurasho remazino rakazadzikiswa zvizere kuti rive nechokwadi chekuita uye kuzere kuita. Mushure mekutsvaira, mazino akacheneswa kwemakumi maviri nemakumi mapfumbamwe emvura ndokuzomiswa nemhepo8.

Iyo nguva module yakashandiswa yakavakirwa pane fungidziro yekuti avhareji yekuchenesa nguva iri 2 min9, 10. Izvi zvinoenderana nenguva yekuchenesa ye30 s pa quadrant. Kune avhareji dentition, izere dentition yemazino makumi maviri nemasere, kureva mazino manomwe padanho rimwe, inofungidzirwa. Pasino zino pane matatu akakodzera mazino nzvimbo yezino bhurasho: buccal, occlusal uye muromo. Iyo mesial uye distal inosvika nzvimbo yemeno inofanirwa kucheneswa nemazino floss kana zvakafanana asi kazhinji hazviwanikwe kune bhurosi rezino uye nokudaro rinogona kuregeredzwa pano. Nenguva yekuchenesa pa quadrant ye30 s, avhareji yekuchenesa nguva ye4.29 s pazino inogona kufungidzirwa. Izvi zvinoenderana nenguva yenguva 1.43 s pameso ezino. Mukupfupisa, zvinogona kufungidzirwa kuti avhareji yekuchenesa nguva yezino pamusoro pegadziriro yekuchenesa iri approx. 1.5 s. Kana munhu akafunga iyo vestibular zino nzvimbo yakarapwa neyakareruka pamusoro peiyo sealant, zuva nezuva yekuchenesa mutoro we3 s paavhareji inogona kufungidzirwa kaviri zuva nezuva kuchenesa mazino. Izvi zvinoenderana ne21 s pavhiki, 84 s pamwedzi, 504 s mwedzi mitanhatu yega uye inogona kuenderera sekuda. Muchidzidzo ichi kutsvairwa kwekuratidzwa mushure mezuva rimwe, vhiki rimwe, mavhiki matanhatu, mwedzi mitatu nemwedzi mitanhatu zvakafananidzwa uye kuferefetwa.

Kuitira kutevedzera tembiricha misiyano inoitika mune yemumuromo mhirizhonga uye inosanganisirwa kushungurudzika, kukwegura kwekunyepedzera kwakafananidzwa neyekupisa cycler. Muchidzidzo ichi mutyairi wekuchovha bhasikoro (Circulator DC10, Thermo Haake, Karlsruhe, Germany) pakati pe5 ° C uye 55 ° C pamatanho e5000 uye kunyudza uye kudonhedza nguva ye30 s imwe neimwe yakaitwa ichifananidza kuratidzwa uye kuchembera kwevaseki. kwehafu yegore11. Mabhati anopisa akazadzwa nemvura yakasviba. Mushure mekusvika kwekutanga tembiricha, ese mazino sampuli akafukidza 5000 nguva pakati pechidziva chinotonhora nedziva rinopisa. Iyo yekunyudza nguva yaive makumi matatu s imwe neimwe, ichiteverwa ne30 s yekudonhedza uye nguva yekuchinjisa.

Kuitira kutevedzera zuva nezuva asidhi kurwisa uye mineralization maitiro pane izvo zvisimbiso mumuromo wemuromo, pH shanduko yekuratidzira yakaitwa. Mhinduro dzakasarudzwa dzaive maBuskes12, 13mhinduro yakatsanangurwa kakawanda muzvinyorwa. Iyo pH kukosha kweiyo demineralization solution ndeye 5 uye yeye remineralization solution iri 7. Izvo zvikamu zveye remineralization mhinduro ndeye calcium dichloride-2-hydrate (CaCl2-2H2O), potasium dihydrogen phosphate (KH2PO4), HE-PES (1 M ), potassium hydroxide (1 M) uye aqua destillata. Izvo zvikamu zveiyo demineralization solution ndeye calcium dichloride -2-hydrate (CaCl2-2H2O), potasium dihydrogen phosphate (KH2PO4), methylenediphosphoric acid (MHDP), potassium hydroxide (10 M) uye aqua destillata. Iyo 7-zuva pH-bhasikoro yakaitwa5, 14. Mapoka ese akaiswa pasi pe22-h remineralization uye 2-h demineralization pazuva (kuchinjika kubva pa11 h-1 h-11 h-1 h), zvichibva pH maitiro emabhasikoro akamboshandiswa mumabhuku15, 16. Makombi maviri akakura egirazi (20 × 20 × 8 cm, 1500 ml3, Simax, Bohemia Cristal, Selb, Germany) nemabhodhi akasarudzwa semidziyo umo ese masampula aichengetwa pamwechete. Iwo mavharo acho aibviswa chete kana iwo masampuli achinjiswa kuita imwe tray. Iwo iwo sampuli akachengetwa pakamuri tembiricha (20 ° C ± 1 ° C) pane inogara iri pH kukosha mumidziyo yegirazi5, 8, 17. Iko kukosha kwepH yemhinduro kwakatariswa zuva nezuva nePH mita (3510 pH Meter, Jenway, Bibby Scientific Ltd, Essex, UK). Zuva rega rega rechipiri, mhinduro izere yaivandudzwa, izvo zvaitadzisa kudonha kwepH kukosha. Paunenge uchichinja masampula kubva kune imwe dhishi kuenda kune imwe, iwo masampuli akanyatso nyatso kucheneswa nemvura yakasvibiswa ndokuzoomeswa nejeti yemhepo kudzivirira kusanganisa mhinduro. Mushure memazuva manomwe-pH kuchovha, iwo masampuli akachengetwa muhydrophorus uye akaongororwa zvakananga pasi peiyo microscope. Zvekuongorora kwemaziso mune ino ongororo yedigital microscope VHX-1000 ine VHX-1100 kamera, inofamba katatu S50 ine VHZ-100 optics, software yekuyera VHX-H3M uye yepamusoro-resolution 17-inch LCD Monitor (Keyence GmbH, Neu- Isenburg, Germany) zvakashandiswa. Minda miviri yekuongorora ine gumi nematanhatu minda imwe neimwe inogona kutsanangurwa kune zino rega rega, kamwe chete incisal uye apical yeiyo bracket base. Nekuda kweizvozvo, makumi masere nemakumi matatu eminda nezino uye mazana matatu nemakumi matatu nesitatu pane zvinhu zvakatsanangurwa muchikamu chekuyedza. Kugadzirisa zvakanakisa kukosha kwezuva nezuva kwakakosha kiriniki uye nzira yekuongorora kunoonekwa kwezvisimbiso neziso rakashama, munda wega wega wega waionekwa pasi pemaikorosikopu yedhijitari ine 1000 × kukudzwa, kuongororwa kuongororwa uye kupihwa muyedzo yekuongorora. Misiyano yekuongorora yaive 0: zvinhu = iyo munda unoongororwa wakafukidzwa zvachose nezvinhu zvekuisa chisimbiso, 1: yakaremara chisimbiso = iyo munda unoongororwa unoratidza kurasikirwa kwakazara kwezvinhu kana kudzikisira kwakanyanya pane imwe nguva, uko nzvimbo yezino inoonekwa, asi ne yakasara dura rechisimbiso, 2: Kurasika kwezvinhu = munda unoongororwa unoratidza kurasikirwa kwakazara kwezvinhu, iro zino rakafumurwa kana *: haigone kuongororwa = munda wakaongororwa haugone kumiririrwa zvakakwana zvakakwana kana chisimbiso chisina kuiswa zvakakwana, saka izvi munda unokundikana kweiyo bvunzo dzakateedzana.